Hip-hop and it's sonically grittier transatlantic offshoots, grime and trap, are incredibly diverse when it comes to drum parts, from the old-skool boom-bap of the 90s to today’s sub-heavy 808-driven floor-shakers.
In this walkthrough, we'll give you a percussive overview of six enduring hip-hop-based styles. For more on programming electronic beats, pick up the June edition of Future Music.
Step 1: ‘Golden era’ 90s hip-hop used funk breakbeats and drum hits sampled from vinyl and replayed via the Akai MPC sampler/sequencer, giving a crusty groove based on that signature kick-snare interplay. Many DAWs offer MPC groove templates to emulate its classic timing. Try one and tweak it to your track.
Step 2: Hip-hop producer J Dilla popularised the employment of triplet-style swing. Create lazy, ‘drunken’ beats by quantising elements to a 16th triplet grid, or simply lay down eighth-notes and slide them off the grid manually, as we’re doing here.
Step 3: Sampled breaks are less common in modern hip-hop, where the Southern US/Atlanta trap aesthetic now dominates. It’s a style based almost exclusively on a palette of Roland TR-808 drum machine one-shots – draw in a syncopated kick pattern, with the snare on either the 2 and 4, or beat 3 of the bar.
Step 4: Aside from a sub-shaking 808 kick/bass ‘boom’ and tinny clap/snare, it’s the shifting hi-hat rhythms that give current-day US hip-hop and trap their signature skittishness. Lay down an eighth-note closed hat pattern, then drop in 16th- and 32nd-note ‘trills’ among sparse ghost-note snares on even 16ths.
Step 5: UK grime is a fast-paced (140bpm-ish) blend of US hip-hop and UK bass music. The genre is aesthetically ‘cheap’: dry-sounding drum machine hits are programmed robotically on the quantise grid. The main snare or clap is often displaced, repeated and syncopated for a ‘rushy’ feel.
Step 6: By merging the above styles with modern DnB and dubstep basslines, bass producers such as EPROM, Ivy Lab and Alex Perez are pioneering a more club-focused take on urban beats. Here, the drum programming is noticeably more minimal and ‘wonky’, allowing the relentless bass-synth pressure to dominate.
